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Psychosocial therapy is the main treatment for add. The medications can include stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine, clonidine, guanfacine and viloxazine.
Patients with active issues with addiction shouldn't take stimulant drugs. However, those in stable remission may look into them. Combination therapy using antidepressants particularly SSRIs, is an alternative option.
Stimulants
Stimulants increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels between the brain's synapses. This improves concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulses. Most doctors prescribe medications from the stimulant class to treat ADHD. They might prescribe methylphenidate (Concerta or Ritalin), or amphetamines. These are both very similar medications. The type prescribed will depend on a person's individual biochemistry and how well they react to the medication. It could take up to seven days for full effects of a medication to be apparent. Increased concentration, improved memory, improved sleep, and reduced the tendency to be impulsive are all indications that the medication is working.
The medicines in this class may have adverse effects, including reduced appetite and difficulty sleeping, and may raise heart rate and blood pressure. Some people with an illness like high blood pressure or heart disease shouldn't take them. Stimulants have a high potential for abuse and are tightly controlled drugs. Only psychiatrists or paediatricians or in certain cases general practitioners, are able to prescribe stimulants. You can find them in the form or pills, tablets patches, or patches that are applied to the skin or in liquids.
Children and adolescents who use stimulants are often affected by weight loss and a lack of appetite. They can also develop tics when the dose is too high. In this situation, the doctor will reduce the dosage to prevent the drug from worsening symptoms.
Around 70 to 80% children and adults with ADHD are treated with stimulant drugs. Most children and young people experience improvement in their symptoms through treatment. This is particularly true for those with teachers, parents or caregivers who be able to report improvements.
Early use of stimulants could reduce the risk of developing drug use disorders later in life. Wilens and colleagues79,80 Katusic and colleagues81,82 and Biederman and colleagues83 discovered that treatment with stimulants decreases the risk for substance use disorders during adolescence, however that this protective effect wanes by early adulthood.